...detail.
Although the term SuperDARN is usually used to describe the whole network of radars, it is used in this thesis as acronym for the Saskatoon and Kapuskasing radar pair.
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...height.
There exists also a D-region (or D-layer) located at around 50-90 km.
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...parameters.
Solar wind plasma parameters at 1AU are 25#25, 26#26 which gives an approximate collision frequency of 27#27 and a conductivity estimate of 28#28. The resulting time for a scale size of 29#29 is about 30#30 or about 20 days.

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...Bur88].
A recent example that highlights the importance of solar-wind monitoring, was the Wind-Geotail Magnetic Cloud Event, October 18-20, 1995. Here is an excerpt from L. F. Burlaga's WWW-text dated Nov. 3, 1995:
A magnetic cloud arrived at the WIND satellite approximately 19 UT on Oct. 18, 1995. The magnetic field direction was observed to turn southward abruptly when WIND entered the magnetic cloud, and the magnetic field rotated gradually to a northward orientation over the course of about 30 hours as the cloud moved past the spacecraft. The magnetic field was strong inside the cloud, and its magnetic signature that of an approximately force-free field with a flux rope geometry. A corotating field was overtaking the magnetic cloud and interacting with it, intensifying the northward magnetic fields in the rear of the cloud. The prolonged interval of negative 37#37 is expected to produce geomagnetic disturbances, particle precipitation, aurorae, enhanced cross-cap potentials and other effects. The subsequent prolonged interval of positive 37#37 should be associated with a return of the magnetosphere to a quiet state. The slow, systematic variation in the magnetic field direction during passage of the magnetic cloud past earth is expected to produce systematic changes in the ionospheric convection pattern and possibly observable variations in the high altitude winds.

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...equations.
An optimized set of equations that can be used for this purpose has been described by Haselgrove [Has63].
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...drift).
Here we used the gyrofrequency 65#65 of a charged particle in a magnetic field B given by 116#116, where e ist the charge and m the mass of the particle. We also used the collision frequency 64#64 of the particle in the medium. The subscripts denote the species under consideration, i.e. `e' for electrons and `i' for ions. The conductivity types refered to as `Pedersen' and `Hall' are currents flowing respectively parallel and perpendicular to the electric field. They have an associated drift with the same name.
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...wave.
Note that the antenna gain used in the derivation is not defined in a coordinate system centered at the transmitter and is not a power gain.
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...instruments.
The Saskatoon/Kapuskasing pair in particular will make use of: the SAPPHIRE Saskatoon radar operated by the University of Saskatchewan, ISAS; the CANOPUS network; all-sky auroral imagers in Rabbit Lake, Sask., Eureka, NWT and Rankin Inlet, NWT; satellites such as the DMSP series, WIND, IMP-8, etc.

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...considered
That is, the first pulse is transmitted at time t=0 and the second pulse is transmitted at time 217#217.
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...sampling
For normal SuperDARN operation there are about 54 missing out of 1190 possible ACF points, i.e. about 4.5%, due to this multi-pulse transmission related interference.

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...T.
The maximum lag time is 248#248.
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...sequences.
The number of sequences are 250#250.
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...value
From a pulse-sequence with 247#247 pulses one can obtain 253#253 lag separations that are different from 0.
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...high
The author has recently developed a program implementing the brute-force algorithm using table-lookup techniques that is equivalent in speed to fitting methods.
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...(CADI)
These values are not absolute since CADI measurements are themselves subject to error.
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...times
A good discussion about orbits and stabilization can be found in Wertz [Wer78] Chapters 3.4 and 12.
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...energy
Additional information about the DMSP satellite program and the sensors, including sample spectrograms, are available on the Internet at the URL http://web.ngdc.noaa.gov/dmsp/dmsp.html
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...used.
Documentation and program code for MSIS86 model can be obtained at the URL ftp://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/models/msis86.
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...satellite
Time = Universal Time (UT), DoY = days of year, SoD = seconds of day
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...assumed.
In contrast, for a Maxwellian energy distribution the average energy is twice the characteristic energy.
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...spectra
A comparison, recently done by the author, of a small sample of data between the velocities derived from the SuperDARN phase-fit technique and the velocities derived by inspection of the corresponding spectra comes to the same conclusion.
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.

Andreas Schiffler
Wed Oct 9 10:05:17 CST 1996